Izicathami Eziningi Zokwehliswa Ezilandelayo Kwezindawo Zokugcina

Ukuqonda Imaphetha Yezinto Ezingenakudla Ngokwezomoya Kunye Nenjongo Yazo Kwiindlela Zokusebenza

Yintoni Echaza Imaphetha Yezinto Ezingenakudla Ngokwezomoya Kwiindlela Zokugcina Iindlela Zamanje

Imirakhi yesilika yemifanekiso yasezindaba yenziwe ukulayisha izindleko ezinkulu, futhi ngamanye amaxesha iyapha kancane kune-8,000 iponi ngalokho kwezinye izingxenye. Iyenza ngokwehlisi wesilika yezindleko ephakeme kwezimali ezingama-12 kuya kuma-14 gauge kunoma ukubanzi kwezinhlobo zokwenza ngokukhanya, le mirakhi iyakweselwa kakhulu ukusebenzisa ngaphandle kokubhunjwa noma ukungcola. Yini engiyenza ngokuthi ikhona? Izingxenye zokukhanya kwezinye izingxenye kanye nezinkwekwe zokukhanya zokwenyama ziyakuhlinzeka konke. Ibase yezingxenye ziyancane kakhulu ukuze izindleko ziye kancane ngemva kwezindawo zasezindaba. Izingxenye ezithile ziyakuhlinzeka kakhulu ukungcola, okuyinhloso kakhulu kuzo zindawo ezifana nezindlu zokugcina izinto ezibhane nezulu lapho izulu libonakala kakhulu. Le mirakhi ayiyi leyo esebenza ngokulula. Iyafaka kona yonke imithi echa ye-ANSI MH16.1-2023 ngokuphepha kanye, into engiyakwazi ukuyenza ngaleyo ndlela yezindlu zasezindaba zokusebenza ngokulula lapho kusebenzwa ukuphathwa kwezinto ezinkulu.

Izisebenziso eziphambene nezinhlanhla, izidlobha, nezokulandelana

Izirhakhiwa ezinhlelwe ukuba zisebenze ngokumelene nezindawo zokugcinwa phambili kakhulu zenza izinkomba kakhulu kumaqondo apho amagceke ayikhona ngaphezulu kwezifooti e-30, lokhu kuyakumelana nezinye zindlela zokusebenza kwezimali. Abakhethi abaningi bavame ukulanda amasimiso we-push back ngokulandelana nezindlela zokubangela ngoba bakhusela ukuba kube lula. Ngakolunye uhlango, amakhampani we-logistics we-3rd party avame ukukhetha izirhakhiwa zokuhamba ngokugcwele lapho kudingeka bakhumbule amapalleti amaningi kusukelwe kusindaweni encane. Umhlaba wokunyelwa kwezindleke kunezidingo eziyisicelo futhi. Izinhlelo ezingenye yezilulu kudingeka kube khona lapho ngoba zivimba ukuthi kungena kwezindleke eziningi. Izilindwe zokugcinwa kophakade zifuneka zilandelwe ngendlela enguquphelwa ngokugcwele. Izirhakhiwa zazo kudingeka zibe nezilulu ezinamandla ukulawulwa kwezinkomba eziningi ngaphandle kokuvalwa noma kungena kwezindlela ezingenziwa kakhulu. Lapho ubheke izinkomba eziphathelene nezimali, kangaka kwezingu-500 ye-Fortune abaningi (kangaka kwezingu-60%) bavame ukuguqula ukuba bakhetha izirhakhiwa ezilulu eziningi kancane. Kungani? Ngoba lezi zinhlelo zisebenzisa teknolojhi yokuqokelela ngokuzenzekela, lokhu kuvumela ukuthi kube lula futhi kube khona ukunciphisa izindleko ngokudla ngemva kakhulu kumaqondo amakhulu.

Iinkomo eziphambene nezixhobo zokulayisha i-pallet rack kunye nezinhlelo zokulayisha

Ii-element ezingane zokugcinwa kwiindawo zokusebenza:

1. Iindlela : Iindlela ezingaphantsi kwe-C okanye iindlela ezinemvabo yezilika ezingane ngamagauge angama-7.
2. Iibhima : Iibhima ezingaphambene noma iibhima ezilindelekileyo ezingenxanyeni zokugcina esebenzayo.
3. Ukugcinwa : Iindlela zokugcinwa kunye nezindlela zokugcinwa ezilunge ngapandle ukuncitshiswa ngama-40–60% xa kulindelekileyo.
4. Imitha yokugcinwa : Isiqhelo esisisekelo se-1.5x sisebenzisa kwiimlima zokulayisha ezithunyelweyo ukuze kuhlonjwe imithwabo yasekhaya.

Ngesiyo lekweyana le-ANSI MH16.1-2023, konke izindawo kudinga i-LARCS (Imithombo Yalo & Izithumelo Zokuhlelwa Kwemigca) ukuthola ukuthi yini indawo ephakeme kakhulu kanye nokuxhuma. Le ndokumenti iyasebenza ukuvikela ukuthi imigca ivale, okungukuthi kungu-14% wezivumelelo zase-OSHA zasekhaya.

Ukufanekisa nezimali Zokuphepha: I-OSHA ne-ANSI/RMI Izigama Ezifanamathela Imigca Eningiwe Ngokwezimali

Ukubuka Kwangaphambili Kwemigama Ye-OSHA Okuhlanganayo Nezimali Zokuphepha Kwemigca Ekaya

Ngaphansi kwezinyathelo ezikwiwo ku-29 CFR 1910.176(b), i-OSHA isetile izimpendulo eziphambene ngokugcwele xa kufakwa kwezinto ngendlela esebenza. Ngisho nendlela yokuphepha kwezokwelapha, abasebenzisi kufanele bacine ukuthi izindleko ziyahluka ngendlela echanekileyo kuzindawo zokugcina, bakhankane izimuro apho kudingeka ukuvikela izindlela zokwenza, futhi ziphe zonke izinto ngokuphelele ukuthi zingathini. Izinhlobo ebonisa izindleko eziphelele zokutholakala futhi iziphumo ezisuka kuzivivinyo zokuvikwa kuzakhiwa kufanele kuzibekezwe ngendlela yokuthi abasebenzi bakuvikele ngokuphelele ngokungathini. Okungalungelo, i-OSHA ngesi uye wakhiwa izinyathelo ezithile ezikwaziweyo kuzindawo zokugcina. Esikhundleni sena, izinyathelo ezithuthukisiweyo zokuvikwa zokuvikwa zokuvikwa, njenge-ANSI MH16.1-2023, ziyasebenza ukuthi izindawo ziyakwazi ukuvikwa kwezinyathelo zokusebenza ngendlela esebenza.

Kanibani i-OSHA Standards iyi-ANSI MH16.1-2023 Izinyathelo

Ukusebenzisa i-OSHA kuyasebenza ngendlela efanayo ne-ANSI MH16.1-2023, okuqala ukuthi kunezinyathelo eziphambene kwezokudizayina futhi kwezokuvivinya kuzindawo zokugcina izinto ezinezinto eziphambene. Zombili abadinga:

• Ukugcina kwezinkawuntishe nezixhobo zokuxhumana zenkosi ezinhlelwe ukuba zenqulwane lezinsimbi
• Imibiko yezindleko evela kwezindleko zokugcina amandla
• I-LARCS yonke imibhalo ngokulingana nobukekela nezimfanelo
  Le ngxenye ethile iqinisekisa ukuba izicathami ziyahlola amatheshwana okuphepha ngelokhona futhi zibekwe ngokuphezulu ukugcinwa kwezinto nezinhlelo zokugcina

Iziguide ze-RMI ANSI ngokuphepha kwezinkawuntishe: Umbulelo wezinhlelo ezinhlelwe ngokuphezulu

Ngokwesibonelo, i-Rack Manufacturers Institute (RMI) noma-ndini na-ANSI babekelwe lokhu bazeke 14 izinhlobo zokuphepha. Lezi zinhlobo kufaka phakathi izinto njengebiphi ubunzima bomlilo, ukulungiselela lezi zokwezulu, futhi ukuthini kufanele wenze lapho kwehlulekile. Lapho ubheke iziguquko ezisha kulesi samba, kunezidingo lezinhlambo ezifanayo phakathi kwezindlela uma izilango ziyaphansi kwe-24 feet. Kunezidingo futhi lezikhombisa okuluhlisa ukwehla eziphakamini lapho ikhwabanisa iphakathi. Futhi, ukwengeza ukulungiswa okuhle kakhulu kwezinto eziphathelene nezidingo. Izindawo kufanele zilungele izimpahla zazo kuneseluleko esibibili ngonyaka ukuze kuthintekwe ngokuphambene nezindlela zokulungiswa futhi ukuthi amalilo ayizange ayizokuthiwe ngokuthula. Le ndlela yokulungisa ayikwenzeki noma yini - kuyadinga ngaso ukuphela ukuthi konke kusebenze ngokuphepha ngokudala.

Imiphatho Yeminyango Yesiqinisekiso kanye Neziguquko Zokulandelwa

Ukuthwalelwa kwezinhloso zase-OSHA-ANSI/RMI kungenzeka ukuthi kube nemali ephansi kwe- $15,600 ngamunye wesikhundla (Incident Report Report 2023). Kunezimali ezinhle ngokuxhumana nokuhlinzwa kwezinhloso zokugcina izindawo zokuthutha nezindawo okuthuthayo. Izindlela zokwenza ngaphambili - njengekunquma kwezokusebenzela kanye nokulandela ukuphawula kwezomnotho - kunciphisa amathulembo ngama-72% (Umphakathi Wokuxhumana Nokusebenza, 2023).

Ukudizayina Wezakamelo Nezindawo Zokulayisha Eziyane Nezindleke

Izidingo Zokudizayina Ezifaka Phakathi Inhloko Yokulayisha Nezinhloko Zokuthutha

Amarack eziyinkolelelo zokusebenza ngokwezimali zokwenza ukuba kungenzeka ukulayisha izindleko ezinkulu ngelokho ekugcinwa kwezindawo ngokuthulula ngokusebenzisa iziloyi ezingcono nezinhlelo zokuvumela. Xa kubhekiwe lezi zinhlelo, kukhona amaphethini amaningi okubaluleke. Iimpendulo eziphambene ngokwengeza phakathi kwe-4 kuye kwe-6 inches, okuwenza uhlu olukhulu kumandla aphelele. Iziqambe zinezifo ezahlukene futhi - kune ezinezici ezilolunye kune ezinye eziyivulekile, ngayinye inikeza amathiselwano amahluhlwa ngokwesisekelo esebenziswayo. Kukhona nokuthi kudingeka ukuba kuhlelwe ngokucacileyo lezi zibholti zokuxhumana ngenxa yokuthi kunesizo lokuthatha izindleko ngokulinganisa kuzindawo ezithile. Ngokwesimo se-ANSI MH16.1-2023, kudingeka ukuba kukhona indlela yokupheka okungenani kwe-1.5 times ngokwesimo sokungcola kwamandla xa kunezindleko eziphelele. Le ndlela iyadinga amasithandwa amanye aphatheke ngokwesibindi nezindle ngokwesikwele kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokuxhumana ngenxa yokugcina ukuthiwane kahle ngokwesimo esithile.

Ukugcina Indawo Yokugcina Pallet Racking: Imibiko Yokuqanisa Nokusebenzisa Imigqa

Indawo yokugcina ikhishwa ngokuphakathi kwezikhumba, ubukhulu bezi (okuvamile 12-16 gauge), futhi ukhala phakathi kwezikhumba. Abasebenzisi basebenzisa izinhlobo zokulayisha (Load and Resistance Factor Design) njengoba kusha kwi-ANSI, kubandakanya:

• Imilayisho evela ngokulinganisa kanye nemilayisho ephakeme
• Imandla evela kwezilwane okanye imwindo kuzindaweni ephahla (okuningi kuno-10% yomkhiqizo wokuzilwa ngonyaka)
• Imandla evela kwezilwane yokulayisha, okungaba ngu-15% yomkhiqizo
  Izinhlobo evela ngokulula kuzodinga ukuba kube ne-30% yokusebenzisa imigqa ngaphezulu kwezilwane zokusebenza ukuze kubandakanye ukungalingani kwezilwane nokuthenjelana kwemisebenzi

Izinhlobo Ezibangela Ukulayisha Kwezilwane Futhi Ukuthenjelana Kwemisebenzi Kuzindawo Zokugcina

Izilwane evela kwezilwane zokuthenjelana kuzenzeka ngokusha kwe:

1. Izilwane zokulayisha zokuthiwa kwezikhumba ngama-€¥3 mph (okungaba ngu-58% yezilwane zokugcina)
2. Ukuthambuka kwe-Pallet okungaphezulu kwe-10% yobude lwezikhumba
3. Ukuhamba kwesikweletu esingaphezulu kuka-1/8 inch ngokungathulanga ngokungcono
   Izicathami zomoya oluhlaza esingeni, endabukelwa kakhulu kuma-boltless racks, zibonisa ukukhululeka kuka-22% ngokuhlinzekana nezindawo ezilandelweyo ngokuhlinzeka kahawulayo.

Indima kaLARCS (Izithombe sokusebenza kwekhiye kanye nokuhlelwa kwamathithi)

Izidokhumenti zeLARCS, ezidingekile ngu-OSHA ne-ANSI, zisecela izindleko ezingaphezulu zokusebenzela ngalunye icala kanye nokuhlelwa. Kufanele zibekwe kunesi 50 feet phezulu kwemindawo yokugcina futhi zibuyekezwe kabusha ngokuguqulwa kokuhlinzeka. I-LARCS efanayo inciphisa ukukhweza kwamagciwane (°L/180) kanye nokulandelana nezindawo eziphakeme, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izindleko zokusebenzela zibonakala ukuthula kwemindawo.

Ukufaka, Ukuthula kanye nezimfuneko zokuhlinzeka

Ukufaka kanye nokuthula kudingeka ukuthi kuhlinzwe nokuphepha kwezamathithi ezinhleli zomoya oluhlaza. Isithombe se-OSHA ye-2023 sobhalile ukuthi amaphetho angu-63% ephakeme kakhulu ayisiphakathi sokufakwa ngendlela engemthetho, eshukumisa ukuthi kudingeka ukucophelela kanye nokulandela izinyathelo zokuvikela.

Imithombo Esiyisodwa Yokufaka I-Racks Yokugcina Indawo

Kufanele abasebenzisa bavume ukulingana kwesililo (±3mm ngasemini 3m) kuqala ukuxhumana fakwe kanye nokuvumela amaphesenti akabi wokuxhumana ngokwesicelo (okuvamile 35-45 N·m). OSHA 29 CFR 1910.176(b) ithinta ukuba kubonakale amathagama esikoleni sokugcina fakwe kanye nokungavunyelwa ukuguqulwa. Kufanele ukuxhumana kwe-Rack kuyindlela engqondweni kweLARCS ukuze kugcinwe okungenani nge 2° yokuguquguquka ngokugcina kabusha.

Isakhiwo Sokudizaynwa Nokufaka I-Rack Yokuthiwa: Imithombo Yokuxhumana Nokubekwa

Ukunqamba kwe-baseplate kusiza ukungena ngokwezindawo eziphakeme ngenkathi zikhokelela noma lutho olukhulu luthinta indawo. Yize nezindlela zokwenqamba zokuthiwa kwe-M12, amaspec amaningi acala ukuthiwa kufanele kube ne-75mm othile kubetele. Ngokwaleli qoqo le-RMI-ANSI MH16.1-2023, ukudala i-braced frames kusiza ukuncipha ukuxhumeka ngokuphakeme ngenkathi kungaba ngama-85% ngaphansi kwalokho kungaba khona lapho kungathathwa noma. Futhi kungase kungithinte i-tie rods esibonweni ngokudla lapho kuthathwa i-racking. Le ndawo encane kakhulu isiza indawo ukuthola ukuthuthwa ngokwehlukahluka ngokuthiwa kwezindawo eziningi zokuthutha ngokungxothelwa konke kwenkundla yodwa. Kuyakwaziwa ngokucacile lapho kucinga ngokuthathwa kwezinye izikhathi zokuthuthwa.

Ukuvikela Imirakhi Ekhulu Kunezindawo Zebetele: Izindlela nezinkomba Zokwenqama

Lokuphila kakhulu izinhlayiya zokuxhuma, izisuluso ze-epoxy zinikeza amandla okuphuma ngokuphakathi kwezinye izinhlayiya eziphumelelayo ngama-40% ngaphansi kwekongkani leconcrete le-3500 PSI ngokwesibonelo le-ASTM E488 esetshenziswa khona yonke intela. Futhu kuma-kg 3000 kanye nezinye izinto eziphakeme, kudingeka ukuthi usebenzise amaphlate amabase amathreaded ane-rod M20 ayakwenzela amandla we-bending ngama-25% ngaphezulu. Iziphumo akazange zilale. Imicabango ikusho ukuthi izinhlayiya zokubeka ezifakwe ngokucophelela zingase kufike kuma-2,5 wokudinga ngaphandle kwezithelo zokuthi kungase kuvulekile kuma-wear, lokhu kungcono kuma-warehouse aphakeme apho kusetshenziselwa izinto ngokuphelele. Ngokwaleyo, kudingeka ukuthi izinhlango zokufaka zibe nezimo eziphakeme futhi. Okunye ukuthola okungaphezu kwe-1/8 inch phakathi kwezindawo zokuxhuma kwenza amandla okugcina kuzo zokuxhuma okungase kungenzeka.

Ukujabulisa, Ukubheka, nokuvikela ukwehluleka kwezinhlayiya ngokudala

Imithwalo yokuphepha nokuhlola izindawo zokubeka: Imitimba ye-OSHA ne-RMI

Ukuphepha okuqondile kuthula izinhlobo ukuba kungaphansi kwezinye izimo. Ngokwemito ye-OSHA, izindawo kufanele kwenziwe ukuhlola okubona ngokwezinyanga ngabantu abazi ukuthi yini okufanele bavale. Ngakolunye uhlango, i-RMI ikusho ukuthi kufanele kube yisikhathi esinye ngonyaka wenziwe ukuhlola ngokuphelele. Xa kuhlola, abasebenzi kufanele bavale izinkinobuko ezingaphambene ezibambayo, bethole ukuthi amatholakale ayinhloko aqondile kuzo zonke izici, bethole ukuthi izindawo zokukhanya zimele kahle. Uma kutheni kungathathwa yini - njengokuthi izinkinobuko zokukhanya zingaphambene noma izindawo zokugcina zingathathwa ngaphezulu kwezimo ezingcono - izinhlanu kufanele kuthathwe indima yabo kusuku olulandelayo ngokwemito ye-OSHA, futhi lapho kungabi, kuthathwa amaphine.

Ukuthola uhlobo lwehlelo lwezinye izindlela fakela konke kuzindlela zokuphepha

Izinhlobo zokugcina zika-Forklift zihlakaza 40% yehlelo lwezindawo zokubeka kuzindlela zokusebenza. Izinhlobo eziphawulayo zifaka kudala:

• Ukuguqwa kwezinkinobuko : Ukuphaphame kungaphezu kwe-1/8" ngasikhathi esingenelela 12" kubangela ukuncipha kwe-engqikithi
• Ukungcoliswa kwezakolu : Iqhinge elungisekile kungaphezu kwe-0.5° libangela ukusebenza kweseyismikhi
• Ukucodwa kwezinkawu : Iseluleko se-10% ekhetheke ngokucodwa kubangela ukuncipha kwezinkawu ngo-50%
  Le miphishoko iyabangela ukuthintana okuphezulu xa kusebenza futhi ingase kubangela ukuthunyelwa kancinci uma akulungiswa

Ukuvikela nokulungisa izicathu zemigqa yezinja

Imicu yokwenza ngokomdla ibangela ukuncipha kwezindleko zokulungisa ngo-60%:

1. Faka amandla angama-6" esibhedlela kwamakolu
2. Sebenzisa amandla oselenge esikhathini esinezingo eziphezulu
3. Faka amathikili amagalu amagalu kuzindawo ezinemvukuzo okuyisikwe kwalokhu
   Kwezindlebe ezincane (<3% yebiphezulu), i-RMI ANSI MH16.1-2023 ikuvumela ukwakha kabusha ngokusebenzisa amaphlathi wokuxhuma. Akukwamkeli ukulaywa kwamadoda amathile ngaphandle kokuvunyelwa ngumkhiqizi.

Ukulungisa Futhi Ukushintsha Kwamadoda Amathile Ekhaleni: Imithwadi Noma Imidlalo Ehlukene

Wonke umzila oqinisile okhombisa kakhulu kwezinyathelo ezingu-3mm kufanele kushintshwe ngokushesha. Ngaphambi kokwenza iziguquko kusistimu, abasebenzisi besithuthi kufanele bakhangane nezibongo zokusebenza (LARCs). Xa kufakwa amagxekana amasha, ukugcina ukulaywa kwebindlela kungcono ukugcina kwi-2mm engavumele ukuthi kunezinkinga ngeqile yokuqatha kwezinto ngasemkhathini. Kuzisistimu zokugcina izinto ezikhanyisiwe, amadoda anezindlebe ezithile kwezifinyelelo kufanele kususwe ngokugcwele. Izindlebe ezenzeka kuleso sifinyelelo singasebenza ngokuthuthukisa ukungcola, kungaba kuthathwa amaphethelo amathathu ngokusho kwababekwa kuzindlebe ezinemvukuzo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yini okwenza i-racks eziyane nezindawo ezingcono?

I-racks ezinhle ngokwezimali zokwenza ukuba zilayele kakhulu ngaphandle kokubendula noma ukuphapha. Zidilwe ngamakhanda amakhulu fanye nezicuku ezithile ukulungiselela ukwehliswa, okwenza kube yimali yokusebenza kakhulu.

Kungani ukuvumelana nezimo ze-OSHA ne-ANSI zibaluleke kakhulu kuma-racks amakhanda?

Ukuvumelana kunika ukuphephile kanye nokulandelwa kwezimo zokugcinwa. Ukulandela le miyalelo kusiza ukuthi kungakhathalisekile, kuthintele ukwehlisa amaphutha, fanye ukwehlisa amanekwe ethixo.

Yini i-dynamic forklift impacts iyenza kuma-rack systems?

I-dynamic forklift impacts ingakhathalisa ukugqamisa kuma-rack systems, kudinga ukulandelela izimo zokudizaj izakhiwo ukuthi kuthinte ukulawulwa kwezimo zokusebenza. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukulinganisa amakontaktho angafika fanye ukuthi kuthinte ukulayela kanye nokubekwa kahle.

Nini kudingeka ukuthi i-racks zokusebenza zilungisiwe?

Kufanele kube nezikhathi ezijwayelekile zokujonga ngezindlela zokubona ngeminyaka, nokugcina kweqondo elijwayelekile ngokungenani kanye neyodwa ngonyaka. Lokhu kusiza ukutholakala nokuthikolwa kwezinkinga ezingatholakali futhi kungase kube yinkulu yokungena kwamathina.