EN
Quick Links
Izicathrakhi zokukhetha zisebenza ngokukhulu kumaqondo ohlinzekayo ukufinyelela ngokushesha kuwo onke amapalleti ngekho kunokudinga iindlela ezithile. Lo mqondo usebenza ngendlela efanayo nezindlela zokuqinisa izinto ngaphambilini (FIFO). Uma iindlela zokugcinwa kwamagca zilandela le ndlela, kuhlelwa ukuthi izinto ezindala zokhishwa kuqala, lokhu kunciphisa ukungena kwezinto kakhulu. Kanti, into enye ebonakalayo? Iziphumakathi zinamanyathelo amaningi. Zinokuxhasa konke oku kula kwezinto encane nezinto eziphambene kakhulu kuzindlela ezahlukene zamaqondo ohlinzekayo. Le ndawo yokuthuthwa kakhulu kusebenza ngokukhulu kumaqondo ohlinzekayo apho abasebenzi kufuneka bakhetha amapalleti noma laphi noma nini, ngakumbi lapho ukuguqulwa kwezinto kuyaphela ngokuphelele kuleli yunyaka.
Lapho ikhompani zidinga ukugcina izinto ezinkulu kakhulu kizindawo eziphakeme, izinhlelo zokugcina drive-in ne-drive-through zifake amandla njengesolutions smart ukwakha kakhulu ukusebenzisa indawo yokugcina. Ake sijwayele ngemphezulu: izinhlelo zokugcina drive-in zisebenza ngendlela yokuthi uma unesicaba esodwa kudingeka ukufinyelela, oku kuyindlela yokuthi kuhambisana nezinhlelo zokugcina okuqukethwe phambili kokuvela (last-in-first-out) lapho izinto eziphambili ziyasebenzeka kuqaphela. Ngokwesibindi, izinhlelo zokugcina drive-through zinikeza amandla okufinyelela kambili, oku kuyindlela yokuthi kuhambisana nezinhlelo zokuvulela kuqaphela (first-in-first-out) lapho izinto ezintsha kufanele kuthathwe kabefore izinto eziphambili zifike. Yini okwenza leli nhlelo lihle? Liqinisekisa ukusebenzisa ngokuhle indawo yephaba, liqinisekisa ukuncipiswa kwezindlela eziphansi kakhulu zokugcina izinto zezinhlelo zokugcina eziphambili. Kumaqo lapho ethengelwa izinhloso ezinkulu zeziphambili, izinhlelo zokugcina drive-in zingakhiqizela indawo yokugcina ikhishwa. Khumbula izindawo zokuthengisa izinto zokudla noma izifiseli zokwenza izinto lapho ethengelwa izinto eziphambili - leli nhlelo liyakuvumela ukuthi kugcinwe ngaphezulu kwezindawo zazo ngaphandle kokuthuthukisa indawo yephaba.
Izicathamiro zokuthula zisebenza ngokukhulu kakhulu kumlawulo we-inventory yokuqala kuyona ngokugcina, ngakolunye uhlobo lwezinto engenasikhathi sokugcina. Lo msebenzi uqala ngokuthi kunezicat zamathelaseli aphakathi okuthula futhi ahlukane ngaso sonke isipho esisha sifakiwe. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi kuthathwe amasqela amaningi ekhaya ngoba konke kuhlale kuchithwa ngokugcina futhi kungakho talwa. Izinkampani zithanda le nto ngisho noma abasebenzisi bengithola okudinga ngaphakathi kwamapaki amaningi. Kumaqo abasebenzisa amakhodi amaningi wezinhloso, izicathamiro zokuthula zenza into iyindle kakhulu kunoma izicathamiro eziqinile. Ababili besilikonike kithi lezi sistimu zenza ukutholwa kwekhilibho phakathi kwekuwephuza amasqela futhi ukulawula konke ukuze akukho into ithathwa phakathi kwesibindi.
Ukuhlelwa kwe Mezzanine kuyindlela encinane ukuthi abasebenzi baphumelele ngokwengeza indawo yabo yokugcina ngaphandle kokugcina amaphela kuvelisa izindawo ezintsha. Le ndlela isebenza ngokuhlanganisa indawo engeyona into ngokuthenga okuphela, futhi kungaphansi kohlukaniswa noma futhi kuthathelwa kabili okungapheliwe. Abasebenzi basebenzisa lezi zinhlelo zokuhlelwa ukuhlela amagama amathathu apho kungenzeka ukugcina i-stock, bahlabe izimpande, noma futhi ubeke amaphoyinti amakhane. Abakampani abasebenzisa le ndlela bangeke bakhumbule amaphela lapho bahlola ukuthi kufanele balele kwenye indawo noma ukuthola ukuphakama ngenxa yokuthi basebenzisa ngokuhle okube khona. Kuyindlela encinane yokuthola indawo ephakeme kakhulu, kuhlelwa kwe Mezzanine kuyindlela encinane yokuthola indawo yokusebenza ngaphandle kokugcina amaphela futhi kuthathe ukusebenza kahle.
Ababekaki basekhaya bethanda kakhulu izinkawo zokugcina izindlela zokuthi lezi zokwelashwa kakhulu kuzindlela zokudlisa, izithuthi kanye nezindawo zokugcina lapho isikhala sikhona. Yeyiphi into ethinta ukuthanda kakhulu? Ukuthwanyelwa kanye nokulindlela kwezimali. Sengaphambilini ngamunye walezi zokugcina ingakwe ngokuthi yiliphi usizo oludingekayo, kungaba yisikhala esiphezulu ngaphezulu kwemindawo evela edlaleni noma ukudala amakhawula ekuhlinzweni kwekhasi elile. Inkampani ingase ithi yini lapho ingaqonda ukuthi lezi zokugcina ziphakathi kanjani kwezinyathelo zabo zonke. Isenzo esinhle sokugcina kakhulu kungaba yilapho izinyathelo zokusebenza ziphazamise kakhulu ngenkathi zingase ziphazamise. Kungenzeka ukuthi ukufaka kweyinto ethile kungaba yilipho kakhulu kunokudlala indawo entsha kabonke, ngalesonto ababeke kakhulu le nto. Koma ababhili bokudlala izinto ezinamakhilogramu amaningi noma abasebenzisa amakhilogramu abadinga izinyathelo eziphezulu, izinkawo zokugcina zingaba yilipho le nto kakhulu.
Imicabho ye-pallet ekhethwa ixa abasebenzi ukufinyelela ngqo kuwo onke amapalleti kwi-warehouse, okwenza ukulawulwa kwamathiselo kube lula kulo msebenzi. Amakhampani abasebenzisa le miqatho ngama-FIFO (okuza kabusha, okokwandlela kabusha) njengoba bafuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba amathiselo esiya wokudala ayisuswe okokuqala. Imagazini eneza ngapandle kwezinto eziyi-6000-10000 ezifana nezinye iyunithi zokugcina le micabho kakhulu njengoba iyunithi le micabho zisebenza ngokulungileyo nezinto ezincane njengamaboxi noma nezinhlobo zezinto eziphakeme. Ubunconyo obukhona kwiimicabho eziyakhethwa zenza ukuba imagazini iyakuvusekela iindlela zokubekwa xa izidingo zokusebenza ziyahlelwa, just add another row or two as inventory grows. Ababhali be-warehouse kwiNkantolo yaseNingizimu Afrika ngama-80% abasebenzisa le nto njengoba akukho muntu aneedinga yezixhobo zokuthabatha noma ukulungiswa okokugcina kwiimicabho
Kumaqondana enoma ukugcina izinto eziphakeme, izimo zokungena nokubuya phakathi kwezindawo zokugcina kuzinikeza inani elikhulu ngokuthi zisebenzisa yonke indawo ngokuphakathi nezansi. Le ndawo yokungena iyasebenza kahle xa kufuneka kwenzeke ukungena okungu-1 kuphela xa kugcinwa amanani amakhulu. Izimo zokubuya phakathi kwezindawo zokugcina kuzivumela ukufinyelela izinto ezifanayo ngokubili izwi, ngakho ukuthola izinto kuzokwenzeka ngokushesha. Le ndawo kusebenza kahle xa zonke izinto ziyafanisa futhi zilandela umba weqembu lokugcina izinto apho okugciniwe phezulu kugcinywe kuqala. Abasebenzisi bokugcina izinto bazithanda ngoba zikhuphela indawo yokugcina ngaphandle kokuthilela ukushesha kwemisebenzi. Abakhethi bezo zinto ezifanayo bethola ukuthi le zimo zinikeza imiphumo elikhulu, ngakho uma izinto eziphakeme azikhululwanga ngokushesha.
Imicabhi ephezulu esebenza ngokulula kakhulu kumlawulo wokugcina phambi kokusebenzisa, oku kungcono kakhulu abakhokho abasebenzisa izinto ezihlukahlukene njengezindleke zokudla noma izinhlelo zokulima. Le micabhi inamalini amaningi aphakathi kawo ezindleke zokuthambisa. Xa kunesi sokuqala esifakelwa kumcabhi, le ndleke ziyahlukana phambili ukuze zenze indawo, okuwenza ukuthi kungcono ukulayisha nokukhuphela izinto ngaphandle kokuthi kudingeka ukushukela konke. Ukuhlanjelwa kwezinto kuhlale kakhulu ngaphandle kokuthi kungcono ukufinyelela kwezindleke. Okuwenza ukuthi izinto zihlanjelwe ngokulula futhi kungenisa inani lezinto ezitholakala kumgangatho ngawo wonke. Abakhokho abathola ukuthi kunezindleko ezahlukahlukene kwezimpilo nezinhlelo zokugcina izinto eziningi ezihlukahlukene bafuna leli nhlelo lifanele kubo. Lenza ukuthi kungcono ukugcina izinto kusikhalo esincane ngaphandle kokuthi kungcono ukuthi abasebenzi bafinyelele kwezidingekile xa kudingeka. Amagangatho amaningi abuze ukuthi bafuna ukuthi kunezindleko eziningi kwezokusebenza futhi kuzo zonke izinhawu zokuwetela ngokushesha xa baya kumcabhi ephezulu.
Imicabha ye-Cantilever iyasebenza ngokukhulu kakhulu kuzo ukugcina le mpilo ephakeme, le ngokungcono kwezinto ezinde, njengemithi, amaphaneli wokubhenga nezicathami zemali evunyelwe ngokungcono kwenye indawo. Okuqinisekisa ukuba yinto ehlukile yizo ngokuthi inezimboni ezisetshenziswa ngokuvarywa. Ababhangeleli bokugcina bangavaryela le micabha ukuze ikhankane nezibopho nezindlela ezahlukene, ukwenza kakhulu usebenye esikwenzakileyo sasebenywa nguqo lwendawo. Ipho lokhu? Ukuba yindlela evulekileyo yokubhenga ikhankane ukusebenzisa kakhulu amakhiyasi ukulayisha nekunqamula izinto ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokuthi kudingeka baphume ngaphakathi kwezinye izinto eziqinileyo. Just walk right up to any side and grab what needs moving. Kuzo zonke izindawo apho izinto eziphakeme ziyalingana nezokusebenza ngemva kwezinyanga, le ndawo yokubhenga iyakwenzeka ngokungcono kakhulu. Iyakwenzela ukuba isikorokoro sasuke kakhulu kakhulu kwezinto esekela kakhulu nekuzokugcinwa kwezinto ngokuphelele.
Imicabhi ye-flow ye-carton isebenza ngokukhulu kakhulu ngokugcinwa kwezinto ngisho ngenxa yokuthi usebenzisa ubukhuni ukuthi bathuthuke amapaki phambili njengoba etholwa kwi-facade ye-rack. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinto eziphakeme kakhulu zothuthuka phambili kuwo amakhampani, oku kunesizo ekuphileni kwezinto esitore ngaphandle kokuthatha amandla. Le micabhi iyahlula amathimele ethu ngisho ngenxa yokuthi amakhampani akudingi ukuthi bayohlise amaqatha ngokwesicelo. Ukuthola kwakhe kuthathwa ngokushesha futhi xa konke kucaciswa ngokushesha kuye nomkhiyala. Imicabhi yezindawo zokugcina izinto eziphathimisekayo kakhulu le micabhi lula ukuthi balithanda ukusebenzisa le micabhi ukulandelela amanani amakhulu wamathola ngalo msele. Xa kusebenzela nezinto eziphambuka kakhulu ezingadinga ukuthi zilayiswe kabusho, le micabhi yi-racks yizinto ezingcono. Ukunciphisa ukuthinta kwezinto ngduring handling kunesizo ekuphakamiseni kwezindleko futhi kunciphise amaphutha aphakathi kwezindleko zokupakisha.
Ukukhetha isisitemu esiyisweyo sokugcina izinto sivumelana nokulinganisa ukubekwa kwezinto ngokobuningi kanti kube lula ukuthola. Iindlela ezinezinto eziphezulu zasematheni zikhuphela indawo kanti zenza ukuthola izinto eziphethwe ngokuhle. Ngendlela enye, izendvukazwe ezivumela abasebenzi ukuthola izinto ngokulula kungenzeka ukuthi zilande indawo ngokweqile. Kukho ukuthi kumele kube yimali kakhulu kumaqondana apho kunezinto eziguquka ngokusheshayo nazo ezinye ezohlala ngemva kwesikhathi eside. I-Warehouse Management Systems (WMS) kumele kube yimali kakhulu lapo ngoba iyakusethemba ukuthi uthakathelwe kakhulu kumaqondana ngokusebenzisa amanani ahlelwe kumathuba. Kumele kube yimali futhi ukuguqwa kwezinto ngokobuningi ngoba izinto eziguquka ngokusheshayo zidinga ukufinyelela ngokulula kanti eziguquka ngokush slow zingenazo ukulinganisa ukubekwa okuphezulu.
Kulula ukuthi ubungako bokulayisha bube yimaliphi ngokwemfanelo yokuphepha kakhulu ngokuthi izikhwama kufanele zilinde yonke into ekugcineni khona ngapha ngekho kuthi zingaphansi. Uma abantu abakhohlwa ngokuthi izici ezahlukene zingalayisha iphi ngeyona ndhla, izinto ingathinta ngokuphambene kusuku olulandelayo. Ukubheka indlela esebenzisa yona indawo yokugcina ukuthi ababophe kumele bazi ukuthi izikhwama eziqinileyo noma izinhlelo eziyisiko ngokweqile zingasebenzi kahle kulo qembu lokuqala futhi baphethe kakhulu bonke abakhona kona. Abasebenzisa ikhwalithi yokuphepha kufanele bacheke le nombolo ngokwengeziwe noma ngokwemhla ngokwemfanelo yokuthi kungase kuthathwe futhi kungapheliwe. Le chekhi ngokwengeziwe kufinyelela imiphatlaliso kuqala futhi ngaphambi kokuthi yonke into ingabili ngokuphelele, lokhu kungakhathi ukuqala ukusebenza ngendlela efanele sikhatsi esifanayo. Izinhlelo eziqinileyo zokukhwama ezinezici eziphambene kufanele zenze isibonelo esibili ngokukhishwa kwezinto ezingathintekiwe futhi zenze ukuthi yonke indawo efudweke kakhulu kungaphansi kwezindawo eziphakeme. Abasebenzisa ikhwalithi yokuphepha abakhona abaqondani bazi ukuthi le zinhlelo azingaliphiwe ngokungafanele kakhulu zingafana nezinto eziphambene noma kungafanele ukuthi zingathathwa njengokungafanele.
